Base Class and Custom Engines¶

The weight transfer system is built on an abstract base class that defines the contract between vLLM's worker infrastructure and the transport backend. You can implement custom backends by subclassing WeightTransferEngine and registering them with the WeightTransferEngineFactory.

WeightTransferEngine¶

The WeightTransferEngine is a generic abstract class parameterized by two dataclass types:

TInitInfo (extends WeightTransferInitInfo): Backend-specific initialization parameters.
TUpdateInfo (extends WeightTransferUpdateInfo): Backend-specific weight update metadata.

Abstract Methods¶

Subclasses must implement these methods:

Method	Side	Description
`init_transfer_engine(init_info)`	Inference	Initialize the communication channel on each inference worker
`start_weight_update()`	Inference	Prepare for an update (e.g. begin layerwise reload); no-op for in-place engines
`finish_weight_update()`	Inference	Finalize the update (e.g. finalize layerwise reload); no-op for in-place engines
`receive_weights(update_info)`	Inference	Receive weights and load them into `self.model`
`shutdown()`	Inference	Clean up resources
`trainer_send_weights(iterator, trainer_args)`	Trainer	Static method to send weights from the trainer process

The base class provides two methods:

__init__ : Engines receive config (WeightTransferConfig), vllm_config (VllmConfig), device (torch.device) and model (nn.Module)
update_weights(update_info_dict): Thin wrapper for receive_weights: parses the dict into user-specified data type, calls receive_weights, and synchronizes the device. Subclasses implement receive_weights.

Request Classes¶

The API-level request classes provide backend-agnostic serialization using plain dictionaries. The engine's parse_init_info and parse_update_info methods convert these dictionaries into typed dataclasses.

from vllm.distributed.weight_transfer.base import (
    WeightTransferInitRequest,
    WeightTransferUpdateRequest,
)

# Init request (dict is converted to backend-specific TInitInfo)
init_request = WeightTransferInitRequest(
    init_info={"master_address": "10.0.0.1", "master_port": 29500, ...}
)

# Update request (dict is converted to backend-specific TUpdateInfo)
update_request = WeightTransferUpdateRequest(
    update_info={"names": [...], "dtype_names": [...], "shapes": [...]}
)

WeightTransferUpdateInfo¶

The base WeightTransferUpdateInfo is a marker class for backend-specific update info:

@dataclass
class WeightTransferUpdateInfo(ABC):
    pass

Implementing a Custom Engine¶

To create a custom weight transfer backend:

1. Define Info Dataclasses¶

from dataclasses import dataclass
from vllm.distributed.weight_transfer.base import (
    WeightTransferEngine,
    WeightTransferInitInfo,
    WeightTransferUpdateInfo,
)

@dataclass
class MyInitInfo(WeightTransferInitInfo):
    endpoint: str
    token: str

@dataclass
class MyUpdateInfo(WeightTransferUpdateInfo):
    names: list[str]
    dtype_names: list[str]
    shapes: list[list[int]]
    # Add custom fields as needed

2. Implement the Engine¶

from collections.abc import Iterator
from typing import Any
import torch

class MyWeightTransferEngine(WeightTransferEngine[MyInitInfo, MyUpdateInfo]):
    init_info_cls = MyInitInfo
    update_info_cls = MyUpdateInfo

    def init_transfer_engine(self, init_info: MyInitInfo) -> None:
        # Set up connection to trainer using init_info.endpoint, etc.
        ...

    def start_weight_update(self) -> None:
        # Checkpoint-format engines: run initialize_layerwise_reload(self.model).
        # In-place engines: no-op
        ...

    def finish_weight_update(self) -> None:
        # Checkpoint-format engines: run finalize_layerwise_reload(...).
        # In-place engines: no-op
        ...

    def receive_weights(self, update_info: MyUpdateInfo) -> None:
        weights = []
        for name, dtype_name, shape in zip(
            update_info.names, update_info.dtype_names, update_info.shapes
        ):
            dtype = getattr(torch, dtype_name)
            weight = self._fetch_weight(name, shape, dtype)
            weights.append((name, weight))
        self.model.load_weights(weights)

    def shutdown(self) -> None:
        # Clean up resources
        ...

    @staticmethod
    def trainer_send_weights(
        iterator: Iterator[tuple[str, torch.Tensor]],
        trainer_args: dict[str, Any],
    ) -> None:
        # Send weights from the trainer process
        for name, tensor in iterator:
            # Send tensor via custom transport
            ...

3. Register with the Factory¶

from vllm.distributed.weight_transfer.factory import WeightTransferEngineFactory

# Option 1: Lazy loading (recommended for built-in engines)
WeightTransferEngineFactory.register_engine(
    "my_backend",
    "my_package.my_module",
    "MyWeightTransferEngine",
)

# Option 2: Direct class registration
WeightTransferEngineFactory.register_engine(
    "my_backend",
    MyWeightTransferEngine,
)

Once registered, users can select your backend via WeightTransferConfig(backend="my_backend").

WeightTransferEngineFactory¶

The factory uses a registry pattern with lazy loading. Built-in engines (nccl, ipc, and sparse_nccl) are registered at import time but their modules are only loaded when the backend is actually requested. This avoids importing heavy dependencies (like NCCL communicators) when they aren't needed.

from vllm.distributed.weight_transfer.factory import WeightTransferEngineFactory

# Create an engine from config
engine = WeightTransferEngineFactory.create_engine(
    config=weight_transfer_config,
    vllm_config=vllm_config,
    device=device,
    model=model,
)